POMOLOGIA BRITANNICA;
OR,
FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS
OF THE
MOST IMPORTANT
VARIETIES OF FRUIT
CULTIVATED IN
GREAT BRITAIN.
'«V BY
JOHN LINDLEY, PH. D. F.B
ETC. ETC. ETC.
PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON.
IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
LONDON:
HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
MDCCCXLI.
I
1\ Jt tv n r*.
49
THE COMMON ELRUGE NECTARINE,
Elruge. G. Lindley in Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 551. Not
of Miller.
Common Elruge. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 23.
The name of Elruge Nectarine has long found a
place in the lists of English fruit-trees, and is sup-
posed to be the anagram of Gurles, a Nurseryman
by whom it was first either raised or sold. But
it is singular, that from some unexplained cause,
the kind to which the name was originally applied,
and which is described by Miller, has been almost
lost from cultivation, while . that which is now re-
presented has usurped its place. This fact was first
pointed out by Mr. George Lindley, in the Tran-
sactions of the Horticultural Society, and has been
since universally admitted. Hence, there are two
Elruge Nectarines in our gardens, one called
Miller's Elruge, and the other the Common Elruge.
This last is the subject of the following remarks.
It is to be suspected, that all the descriptions
of modern authors refer to this rather than to
Miller's.
It is probable that the Claremont Nectarine
is a synonym of this; and there is reason to
believe, that the Vermash figured by Hooker in his
Pomona Londinensis, is also a representation of the
VOL. II B
same variety. The latter is, however, undoubtedly
a distinct kind.
The Common Elruge Nectarine ripens on a
south wall, in the end of August and beginning of
September ; it will also acquire maturity on a west
wall. We have even seen an instance of its pro-
ducing a perfectly well-grown ripe fruit in the end
of September, upon an open standard tree. This
occurred in the Garden of the Horticultural Society,
in 1827.
One of the very best and most high-flavoured
of our Nectarines ; and one of those which are most
generally cultivated. It is very like the Violette
Native, from which it is to be known by parting
more freely from the stone, and by the channel
in its side being deeper and, less pitted with little
excavations.
LEAVES crenated, with reniform glands.
FLOWERS very small, pale dull red.
FRUIT large, roundish, inclining to oval. Chan-
nel shallow at the base, becoming gradually deeper
towards the apex. SKIN deep violet, or blood-
colour, when exposed, with minute brownish specks ;
paler in the shade. FLESH whitish, melting, very
juicy, rich, and high-flavoured ; a little stained with
red next the stone, from which it parts freely.
STONE middle-sized, oval, slightly pointed, pale ;
in which it differs from the Violette Native, the
stone of which is deep red.
50
THE SUMMER GOLDEN PIPPIN.
Summer Golden Pippin. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 393.
One of the best of our early autumn Apples,
ripening in great abundance, especially on dwarf
trees, upon Paradise stocks, towards the end of
August.
It bears much external resemblance to the Old
Golden Pippin ; and although not equal to that
celebrated fruit in flavour, is, nevertheless, among
the most pleasant and useful varieties we know.
Ripens from the 20th to the 25th of August,
and keeps ten days or a fortnight.
WOOD light yellowish brown.
LEAVES oblong, tapering to the point, slightly
cordate at the base, doubly and rather coarsely
serrated. PETIOLES short, strong, erect. STIPULES
larger than ordinary.
FRUIT small, roundish-oblong, flattened at both
ends. EYE in a wide, shallow, even hollow.
FOOTSTALKS short, inserted in a middle-sized ca-
vity. SKIN very smooth and shining ; on the side
next the sun bright yellow, tinged a little with
orange, which gradually fades away, on the shaded
side, into pale lemon colour ; it is marked through-
out with pale scattered dots. FLESH whitish, firm,
very juicy, sweet, and agreeable, without perfume.
Our drawing was made in the Garden of the
Horticultural Society.
51
THE MADELEINE PEAR.
Madeleine. Noisette, Jard. Fr. Hi. p. 104. pi. 26. Hort.
Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 385.
Citron des Carmes of the French, and Hort. Cat. no. 189.
There is no doubt that the fruit now repre-
sented is the Madeleine Pear of the French, although
it does not entirely agree with all that has been
said of it. Trees have been received by the Horti-
cultural Society under this name, both from tjie
Jardin du Roi, at Paris, and from other establish-
ments in France, which all prove to be the same
thing. It is said to have received its name from
ripening about the time of the Fete de Sainte Ma-
deleine.
An excellent early variety, bearing freely on a
standard, maturing in the third week of July, and
keeping for a few days, if gathered before it is over-
ripe. It bears much resemblance to the Citron
de Sierenz, from which it chiefly differs in the
wood and leaves.
WOOD bright, clear, reddish brown, with a few
scattered, prominent, pale spots.
LEAVES cordate, ovate, tapering a little to the
point, finely serrated, quite flat.
FRUIT middle-sized, turbinate, with a thicken-
ing on one side of the stalk, which is about an
inch long. EYE slightly hollowed. SKIN yellowish
green, with a little light bloom upon it, and a
slight tinge of red on specimens much exposed.
FLESH white, melting, buttery, sweet, and high-
flavoured.
Our drawing was made in the Garden of the
Horticultural Society.
v
THE DOWNTON STRAWBERRY.
Downton. Hort. Soc. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 396. Jig. 15. ; vol. iv.
p. 197. ; vol vi.p. 185. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. p. 56.
An excellent, and now well-established Straw-
berry. It was raised in 1817 by Mr. Knight, the
President of the Horticultural Society, in whose
Transactions it has been amply described, and well
figured.
It is the produce of artificial impregnation, the
female parent being a large Scarlet Strawberry,
now considered of little merit, and the male parent
the old Black Strawberry, which kind, though pos-
sessing very superior flavour, is but little cultivated,
because, excepting in few places, it neither thrives
nor bears well.
This new kind is an abundant bearer, and its
berries possess a highly aromatic flavour, derived
from the variety from the pollen of which it origin-
ated. Some of the early berries are cock's-comb-
shaped, but those of the general crop are ovate,
having a neck. It comes into bearing rather late ;
and to be eaten in perfection, should be suffered to
be fully ripened. From the period of its maturity,
it is valuable, for the kinds most in use have then
ceased to be produced. As a preserve it is excel-
lent, whether reduced to jam or kept entire.
LEAVES pale green. FOOTSTALKS very long.
LEAFLETS of thin texture, moderate size, with
large, coarse serratures.
SCAPES very long, stiff, and upright, with short,
crowded peduncles.
CALYX large, greatly incurved, sometimes
spreading, or slightly reflexed. PETALS oval,
tapering to the claw. STAMENS moderately long.
ANTHERS perfect.
FRUIT rather large, of the shape described
above; when fully ripe, dark purplish scarlet.
GRAINS but little embedded. FLESH scarlet, firm.
53
THE HOARY MORNING APPLE.
The Hoary Morning Apple. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat.no. 455.
Dainty Apple. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 234.
This very handsome and useful Apple is sup-
posed to have taken its origin in Somersetshire, from
which county specimens were first communicated
to the Horticultural Society, by Charles Worthing-
ton, Esq., several years ago. It has since become
much more generally diffused, and is beginning to
be cultivated in several parts of England.
It is not a bad bearer as a standard, but is
better adapted for growing upon the Paradise Stock.
It ripens in the end of October, and will remain
good through the month of November. When in
perfection, it is covered with a fine bloom, like
that of a plum.
Since the publication of the Horticultural So-
ciety's Fruit Catalogue, it has been ascertained that
the Dainty Apple of some parts of Norfolk is the
same.
WOOD rather strong, densely downy, and
thickly marked with whitish spots.
LEAVES rather large, convex, doubly serrated,
with strong stalks, an inch and a half long, and
very broad stipules.
FRUIT rather large, round, depressed, angular,
with a very small, close- plaited eye. STALK
VOL. jr. c
generally rather short, in a wide cavity. SKIN
covered with a fine bloom, with broad, broken,
irregular stripes of red next the sun, and paler and
more distant markings of the same kind in the
shade. FLESH firm, yellowish white, occasionally
tinged with pink next the skin, with a rich and
brisk flavour.
A
THE PRESIDENT PEACH.
President Peach. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 216.
A good deal of curiosity has been felt in England
with respect to the Peaches of North America, of
the merits of which much has been reported by
travellers from that country. There is no doubt
that those kinds, beneath the fierce summer sun of
the United States, fully merit the eulogium that
has been passed upon them. But it is equally
certain, that they are almost uniformly worthless
in the climate of Great Britain. There are, how-
ever, some exceptions, two of which particularly
deserve to be recorded; of these, the George the
Fourth is one, and that which is now represented is
the other.
The President Peach is, with us, a rich, melting
juicy fruit, ripening in the end of September, and
is, therefore, valuable on account of the late period
of its maturity. Of course it requires a south wall,
and care must be taken that it is perfectly ripe
before being gathered.
FLOWERS small, deep red,
LEAVES crenated, with globose glands.
FRUIT large, roundish, approaching to oval, with
a shallow suture. SKIN very downy, dull red next
the sun, pale yellowish green in the shade. FLESH
whitish, juicy, rich, and high-flavoured, parting
freely from the STONE, which is large, oval, pointed,
and very rugged.
55
THE COSFORD NUT.
Cosford Nut. Hort. Trans, vol. ii. p. 405. Hort. Soc.
Fruit Cat. p. 35.
The first notice we find of this variety is in the
volume of the Transactions of the Horticultural
Society above referred to ; where it is described as
having been received from Mr. Kirke, of Brompton,
who still cultivates it, and from whom the plants
in the Garden of the Horticultural Society were
obtained, which afforded the materials of the present
drawing. It was exhibited in the course of this
season at one .of the meetings of the Ipswich Hor-
ticultural Society; and as there is a Hundred in
Suffolk of the name of Cosford, it is not improbable
that the variety originated in that part of the
country.
It highly deserves cultivation, being a great
bearer, and having a remarkably thin shell ; both
of which qualities entitle it to attention.
The TREE grows vigorously, and the branches
upright. INVOLUCRUM nearly the length of the
Nut, slightly hispid at the base. When the Nut
is ripe, which happens early, the involucrum ex-
pands, but is not reflexed ; its segments are deeply
divided.
NUT large, oblong, cylindrical at the base, ra-
ther broader and slightly compressed towards the
apex, with stripes of dark and light brown, of which
the former are the narrower.
SHELL thin, and breaking easily. KERNEL
white, filling the shell, sweet, and of excellent
quality.
56
THE MILLER'S BURGUNDY GRAPE.
Milter's Burgundy. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 26.
The Black Cluster, or Munier Grape. Miller's Diet.
Le Meunier. Chaptal, Traite sur le Vigne, vol. i.p. 169.
Vitis subhirsuta (acino nigro). Caspar Bauhin Pinax*
Vitis lanata. C. Steph. Pradium Rusticum.
Maurillon-Taconne. . .
Fromente
Resseau . .
Farineux noir
Savagnien noir
Noirin . ,
of the French Vineyards.
This is one of the most ancient varieties of the
Grape. The two quotations cited above from
Bauhin's Pinax, and Stephanus's Prsedium Rus-
ticum, are taken from Chaptal ; we have not been
able to find them ourselves.
The plant from which the drawing was taken
was presented to the Horticultural Society by the
late Sir Joseph Banks, who procured it from the
remains of an ancient vineyard at Torworth, famous
for its chestnuts, and the seat of Lord Ducie. It
was undoubtedly one of the sorts cultivated in that
ancient place.
It is commonly grown in France as a wine-
grape ; and is almost the only black kind which
is likely to be worth trying in this country for
the same purpose. It has a very high flavour,
ripens in all seasons with certainty, and is the
earliest of all known varieties, except the Black
July Grape, or Maurillon Hatif of the French,
which is very inferior in quality.
The LEAVES have three lobes ; they are deeply
cordate at the base, and covered on both sides
with more or less of a cobweb-like cottony wool,
by which the variety is easily known, and which
has given rise to its name of the Miller.
The BUNCH is short and thick. The BERRIES
are roundish, black, even-sized, and very closely
serried. The SKIN is not thick, with a fine glau-
cous bloom. The FLESH is tender, and filled
with clear, very sweet, and high-flavoured juice.
The SEEDS are two, and small.
:J:\::\: /jj."
C*A- :::*:':£:-::A
57
THE COE'S PLUM.
Coe's Golden Drop Plum. Hort. Soc. Cat. p. 92.
Coe's
Coe's Imperial ....
Golden Drop ,
New Golden Drop ,
Bury Seedling ....
• of various Collections.
Of all the Plums of any modern origin, this and
the Washington, already figured in this work, are
not only by far the best, but perhaps superior
to any of the oldest varieties. This was raised by
a gardener of the name of Coe, at Bury St. Ed-
munds, in Suffolk, about twenty years since; but
from the stone of what variety is not known.
It is very handsome, ripens about the end of Sep-
tember, and will shrivel and keep in a good state
for more than a month later ; indeed, if properly
dried, it will keep as well as the best Imperatrice
Plums.
It is a great bearer ; but should be trained upon
a west or east wall to ensure a crop.
WOOD smooth, deep purplish brown, with a few
paler spots.
LEAVES oval, flat, taper -pointed, crenated,
smooth, rather shining above. PETIOLES short,
slightly pubescent, with two globose glands near
the base of the leaf.
VOL. II. D
FLOWERS middle-sized. PETALS roundish-oval,
imbricated.
FRUIT oval, of the largest size among yellow
plums, deeply marked with the suture, pitted at the
point, abruptly tapering and hollowed out at the
base for the reception of the stalk. STALK from
half an inch to an inch in length. SKIN greenish
yellow, with numerous rich spots of bright violet-
red next the sun. FLESH greenish yellow, adhering
firmly to the stone; very sweet and delicious.
STONE sharp-pointed.
m-
s. &
58
THE CORNISH AROMATIC APPLE.
Cornish Aromatic. Hort. Trans. 2. 74. Hort. Soc. Fruit
Cat. p. 115.
This variety was first brought into public notice
by Sir Christopher Hawkins, who, in the volume
of the Horticultural Society's Transactions cited
above, described it as having been known in Corn-
wall for years. The tree is said to be a good
bearer, but to be subject to canker. Such as we
have had an opportunity of viewing were remark-
ably healthy trees, with no appearance of disease.
This, the Golden Hervy, the Cornish July Flower,
and the Ribstone Pippin, are four of the very
best and most useful Apples that can be recom-
mended for cultivation where there is room for
but few varieties.
WOOD moderately strong, chestnut brown, rather
thickly dotted, slightly pubescent at the extre-
mities.
LEAVES middle-sized, ovate, acuminate, ere-
nated. STIPULES broad.
FLOWERS middle-sized, pale pink.
FRUIT large, roundish, somewhat angular towards
the eye, which is rather sunken and small. FOOT-
STALK short, in a deep contracted cavity. SKIN,
on the shaded side, covered with a soft, brownish
russet, sprinkled with pale brown dots ; on the
sunny side, of a rich, deep, bright red, slightly inter-
mixed with russet. FLESH yellowish, firm, juicy,
with an exceedingly rich, high, aromatic flavour.
Ripens in November, and keeps till the end of
January.
59
THE CAPIAUMONT PEAR.
Capiaumont. Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 406.
Beurre de Capiaumont. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. p. 159.
One of the best of the varieties raised in
Flanders during the period when so large an acces-
sion was made to the lists of cultivated fruits in that
country. It is recorded to have owed its origin
to a M. Capiaumont, of Mons. The first speci-
mens which were seen in this country, came to the
Horticultural Society in 1820, from M. Parmentier,
of Enghien, and M. Dumortier-Rutteau, of Tournay.
They excited much admiration at the time, and
measures were immediately taken to secure the
variety for this country. Unfortunately, however,
the cuttings which were sent over were so much
mixed, or so carelessly labelled, that a very small
proportion of them proved to be of the true
kind. In their room were received the Beurr£
Ranee, the Colmar Jaminette, and even the Napo-
leon. The true kind has always been sold by
Mr. Richard Williams, of Turnham Green; and from
trees procured from his Nursery, and growing in
the Garden of the Horticultural Society, our draw-
ing was made.
A most delicious fruit, ripening in the middle
of October, and keeping for a fortnight or more.
It bears very well as a standard, but succeeds
best as an open dwarf, grafted upon the Quince
A wall is not required for it.
WOOD clear reddish brown, sprinkled with
white spots.
LEAVES oblong, narrow, much folded, and re-
curved, with very fine serratures. STIPULES linear,
about the length of the petiole.
FHUIT middle-sized, turbinate, regularly ta-
pering into the stalk. EYE not at all sunken, but
level with the surface of the extremity. SKIN a
fine clear cinnamon, fading into yellow in the shade,
and acquiring a rich bright red in the sun. FLESH
yellowish, melting, buttery, very rich and high
flavoured.
6O.
60
THE WHITE DOYENNE PEAR.
Doyenne. Duhamel, Traite des Arbres Fruitier sy vol. ii.
p. 205. t. 43. Miller's Diet. no. 35.
Doyenne blanc. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. p. 165.
Poire de Neige • * .
Poire Monsieur
Poire a courte queue ...
Citron de Septembre ....
Valencia
Carlisle \ of various places.
Kaiserbirne
Beurre blanc
St. Michel
Bonne Ente ..........
Poire de Limon
Poire de Seigneur . . » . .
Die weisse herbst butterbirne. Christ, p. 163.
A very old and excellent Pear, which has so
long been a favourite with cultivators, especially
in France and Germany, that its names have
become in themselves a catalogue. It is a great
and certain bearer, ripening from the end of Sep-
tember till the third week in October ; of first-
rate quality as a juicy, melting sort. It is one
of the very best to graft upon the Quince, and
to cultivate en quenouille. It is almost to be doubted
whether Miller really knew it, although he quotes
it ; since he calls it an indifferent fruit, which he
would have scarcely done had he been acquainted
with the true kind. During the time when it is
in season, it yields to none in excellence.
This must by no means be confounded with the
Red Doyenne*, or Doyenn6 Gris, which is rounder,
and keeps better ; but is of very inferior quality.
WOOD strong, bright chestnut colour, with brown
spots.
LEAVES lanceolate, folded together, recurved,
with fine, regular serratures. STIPULES linear,
at some distance above the base of the petiole,
which is slender, and of a whitish colour.
FRUIT middle-sized, roundish oblong, narrowest
at the stalk, which is about half an inch long, and
rather thick, inserted in a small cavity. EYE
placed in a shallow impression. SKIN pale citron
yellow, sprinkled throughout with cinnamon, more
or less, according to its situation. FLESH white,
juicy, very buttery and delicious.
61
THE CHANCELLOR PEACH.
Chancellor. Miller's Diet. ed. 8. G. Lindley in Hort.
Trans, vol. v. p. 550. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 40.
This Peach, which is by no means uncommon,
is said to be distinct from the fruit of the same
name in the French Gardens, which is described
by Duhamel as having large flowers. In all other
respects, however, the two seem to be much alike.
It is generally considered, that the English Chan-
cellor Peach is the variety alluded to by Duhamel
in describing the true kind.
In the Jardin Fruitier the true Chancellor is
stated to resemble the Chevreuse native, which this
does also, except in being later. It is earlier than
the late Chevreuse; and, except these two, there
is no Peach in the section to which it belongs
that it is like. The middle of September is the
usual time of ripening.
LEAVES crenated, with reniform glands.
FLOWERS small, reddish.
FRUIT large, oval, with a very distinct channel
on one side. Cavity at the footstalk rather small.
SKIN not very downy, dark crimson next the sun,
pale yellow next the wall, finely mottled towards
the union of the two colours ; it peels freely. FLESH
pale yellow, very deep red from the stone half way
through, melting, very juicy and rich, with a vinous
flavour; it parts freely from the stone, but leaves
VOL. II. E
some fibres behind. STONE oblong, tapering to
the base, pointed at the summit, with a surface
almost like that of a Clingstone.
A capital sort.
The French Chancellor of the Nurseries, and of
the Horticultural Society's Fruit Catalogue, No. 41,
is probably not distinct from this. The name ap-
pears to have originated in a Nursery in the North
of England.
THE SCARLET PEARMAIN APPLE.
Scarlet Pearmain. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 767.
Bell's Scarlet, of some Nurseries.
A valuable table fruit, ripening in September,
and keeping till January. Its beauty is quite re-
markable, its fertility is great, and its flavour is, if
not of the very first quality, such at least as to en-
title it to a place in every good Garden.
There is no difference between the Scarlet Pear-
main and the Bell's Scarlet Apple of the English
Gardens.
This was sent to the Horticultural Society, and
was probably also distributed by the late Mr. Brad-
dick, under the name of the Michael Henry Pippin,
— a very different Apple, of American origin, with
a yellow skin.
WOOD weak, light chestnut colour, with small
brown spots.
LEAVES taper - pointed, doubly serrated, with
slender stalks, and small, linear-lanceolate stipules.
FRUIT middle-sized, conical, of the true Pear-
main form. EYE middle-sized, deeply sunk, sur-
rounded by small plaits, and crowned by the green
persistent calyx. STALK about an inch long, slen-
der, deeply inserted. COLOUR a rich glowing crim-
son on the sunny side ; deep red, with a little yellow
intermixed, upon the other. FLESH whitish, crisp,
with a pleasant, rich, sugared juice.
, r ' 'f* •••;**
' // '
/•fVj r-./X*,/' " ' l^^H
63
LONGVILLE'S KERNEL APPLE.
Longville's Kernel. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 567.
Sam's Crab. Ibid. no. 1021.
This is a Herefordshire Apple of considerable
merit, and but little known. It ripens at a period
when good Apples are not very common, on which
account it deserves to be more generally cultivated.
Whether the Sam's Crab is really the same
as this, is not quite certain ; but all that we have
had an opportunity of examining have been exactly
like it.
An excellent Autumn fruit, in perfection from
the middle of August to the middle of September.
It is a great bearer, either as a dwarf or standard.
WOOD slightly downy, chestnut-coloured, thickly
set with small well-defined dots.
LEAVES ovate - oblong, flat, regularly but not
deeply serrated, with long stalks, and very small
lanceolate stipules.
FRUIT middle-sized, oval, approaching to coni-
cal, rather angular, plaited round the eye, which is
deeply sunk. STALK short, deeply inserted. SKIN
greenish yellow, streaked and spotted with bright
red. FLESH firm, yellow, perfumed, with a rich,
pleasant, sweet, subacid juice.
; ^v--
THE PASSE-COLMAR PEAR.
Passe-colmar 7 Tr ,.. . , ^
£ F<m Mows, Arbres Fruit, p. 373.
Fondante de Panisel 3
Passe-colmar. /Zbr£. Trans, vol. v. p. 410. .Friwf
wo. 450.
Passe-colmar epineux ^ Van Mom, Arb. Fr.p. 373. Hort.
Colmar epineux .... y Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 452.
Poire-Precel. Van Mows, Arb. Fr. p. 374.
Passe-colmar gris, dit Precel. Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 410.
Fruit Cat. no. 454.
Beurree-colmar grise, dite Precel. Hort. Cat. no. 454. Syn.
Chapman's. Hort. Cat. no. 177.
From its ripening late, bearing most abundantly,
and possessing a peculiarly rich and agreeable
flavour, this Pear has become a universal favourite,
and deservedly. It was raised in Flanders by a
M. Hardenpont, to whom, in conjunction with
Dr. Van Mons, and some others of his countrymen,
we are indebted for several very excellent varieties
of the Pear.
With regard to the numerous synonyms which
we have quoted, we are disposed to think that
they are all referable to one and the same thing.
It is true that, according to Van Mons, the origin
of some of them is different ; but, even supposing
this to be true, and not a mistake, yet as it is impos-
sible to distinguish them by any one character of
either wood, fruit, or period of maturity, it is useless
to continue to speak of them as distinct.
At the period when so large an introduction
took place of Pears from Flanders, some cuttings
of this variety fell into the hands of a market-
gardener of the name of Chapman, by whom it
has been sold extensively under the name of
" Chapman's Pear."
A most abundant bearer, either as a standard
or upon a wall. The trees make fine clean wood,
and have not been observed to have the least canker.
The fruit has the flavour and form of the Colmar,
whence its name.
WOOD fine clear yellow brown, sprinkled with a
few pale brown spots.
LEAVES small, oval, tapering to both ends, erect
or spreading, nearly flat, not waved, with a finely
toothed margin ; stalks rather slender, about an
inch in length ; stipules linear, sometimes rather
more than half the length of the petioles. The
leaves on the fruit-spurs are almost entire, and in
this, as well as in most other pears, are narrower,
with much longer stalks than those on the young
wood.
FLOWERS middle-sized, with pointed petals.
FRUIT middle-sized, obconical, flattened next
the eye, which is open. STALK about an inch
long, moderately thick, slightly sunk at its inser-
tion. SKIN green, when ripe becoming yellowish,
sprinkled with russet ; and if well exposed, having
a considerable tinge of red. The surface is some-
what uneven, with some slight longitudinal furrows
running downwards from the stalk end. FLESH
yellowish, melting, buttery, juicy, very rich, and
most excellent.
This is said, on the continent, to be in season
from December to February. It will keep till the
latter period with us, but December and January
are the months in which it is in its greatest perfec-
tion. At the meeting of the Horticultural Society
on the 6th of January last, some specimens were
exhibited from the Garden of Andrew Arcedeckne,
Esq. of Glevering Hall, in Suffolk, which were
in the highest beauty, and of unusual size and
excellence.
65
THE GILOGIL PEAR.
Gile-6-gile. Noisette, Manuel Complet,p. 531.
Gros gobet ^ of some French Gardens; but not the Poire a
Dagobert j Gobet of Duhamel.
Gilogil. Hort. Soc. Cat. no. 289.
A valuable winter Pear, although not of first-
rate excellence. It is a great bearer, has a tole-
rably pleasant flavour, is very handsome, and keeps
well till March. As a baking Pear it is particularly
useful; but it is difficult to stew whole, on account
of its becoming too soft.
According to the French, this will remain in
use till April and May : we have not seen any
instance of its possessing such a property in Eng-
land ; but it probably would, if grown as an open
standard, for which it is undoubtedly well adapted.
It should, however, be observed, that the period of
ripening in Pears depends very much upon the time
at which their blossoms open ; fruit produced by
late blossoms will invariably keep later than such as
comes from early blossoms : hence it happens, not
unfrequently, that chambered fruit will vary as
much as a month or six weeks in the time of its
being fit for the table.
WOOD very vigorous, bright brown, with nu-
merous small russet spots.
LEAVES thick, flat, recurved, regularly serrated
FLOWERS middle-sized, roundish-oval.
VOL. II. F
FRUIT large, roundish, flattened at the top, and
not tapering into the stalk. EYE large and deep,
STALK short, deeply inserted. SKIN a deep close
russet, a little tinged with red next the sun. FLESH
white, juicy, breaking, a little gritty, sweet, and
pleasant.
66
THE COURTPENDU APPLE.
Capendu. Duhamel, Traite, vol. i. p. 315, t. 13.
Gourtpendu. Noisette, Manuel, p. 548.
Courtpendu plat. Hort. Soc. Cat. r/o.(211, and of various
Collections.
We have represented this capital variety in the
same Number as the Fearn's Pippin, for the sake of
bringing their differences as much as possible into
contrast. In many respects they are exceedingly
alike ; but they are, nevertheless, essentially dis-
tinct. The peculiarities of the Fearn's Pippin are
described in their proper place. The Courtpendu
ripens at the same time, but is yellower in the flesh,
higher flavoured, and shrivels like a Nonpareil.
It is as good a bearer, as an open standard, of
equal beauty, and of the two undoubtedly the bet-
ter sort.
At a recent meeting of the Horticultural Society,
this formed the subject of part of a very interesting
paper upon some late varieties of Apples, by Mr. Ro-
bert Thompson, the Under - Gardener in the Fruit
Department of the Chiswick Garden, — a young man
of first-rate ability in his profession, to whose good
sense and practical knowledge we are happy to take
this opportunity of expressing our obligation for
assistance in the progress of the present work.
Mr. Thompson spoke in high terms of the good
qualities of the Courtpendu ; and we are able com-
pletely to confirm his opinion.
WOOD brown, a little speckled.
LEAVES obovate, finely and regularly toothed.
FRUIT middle-sized, round, depressed, without
any trace of angles ; eye large, open, in a wide,
shallow basin ; STALK short, very deeply inserted,
rarely projecting beyond the base of the fruit.
SKIN deep red next the sun, greenish yellow on
the shaded side. FLESH yellowish, crisp, with a
rich, lively, agreeable flavour.
67
THE FEARN'S PIPPIN APPLE.
Fearn's Pippin. Hort. Trans, vol. i.p.67; ib. vol.ii. p. 103.
Hooker's Pomona Londinensis, t. 43. Forsyth's Treatise,
ed. 7, p. 102. Coxe's Fruit Trees, p. 160,/. 100. Hort.
Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 325.
This excellent variety is well known in the
neighbourhood of London, but has not been much
dispersed about the country. It is a great bearer,
remarkably handsome, keeps well till February, or,
with care, till March, and has considerable merit
in point of flavour. As an orchard fruit it is in-
valuable, being less subject to be blown from the
trees by high winds than most Apples.
It differs from the Courtpendu, in having the
deep red of its skin speckled with numerous yel-
lowish dots, in being more hardy, and in its flavour
being less rich. It also acquires a more intensely
red colour.
In America, whither it has been introduced, we
learn from Coxe that it is " an admired table-fruit."
TREE very hardy, round-headed. WOOD dark,
set with numerous small whitish spots.
LEAVES ovate - oblong, tapering to the point,
flat, or a little convex ; PETIOLES rather more than
an inch in length, slender.
FRUIT middle-sized, round, and flattened. EYE
large, shallow, with scarcely any appearance of
plaiting. STALK short, deeply inserted. SKIN deep
red on the exposed sicle, with numerous whitish
dots; on the shaded side greenish yellow, partially
tinged with brownish red. FLESH whitish, firm,
very juicy, rich, and pleasant.
/
68
THE VIOLET NECTARINE.
Violet. Hitt's Treatise, ed. 2, p. 312.
Violette Mtive. 'Noisette, Manuel, p. 483. G. Lindley in
Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 522. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 34,
and of the Nurseries.
Lord Selsey's Elruge. Hort. Cat. no. 25.
Large Scarlet, of some Collections.
Early Violet. Knight in Hort. Trans.
Petite Violette hative. Duhamel, Traitc, vol. i. p. 26, t. 14,
j. 4.
This excellent Nectarine is commonly cultivated
under its French name : we do not, however, ap-
prove of using a foreign nomenclature when we
have an old-established name of our own. It is not
unfrequently sold for the Red Roman, a very dif-
ferent fruit.
Ripens from the end of August to the middle of
September ; and deserves cultivation on account of
its excellent flavour and great beauty.
A large Elruge Nectarine, described by Mr. John
Bowers, in the 5th volume of the Horticultural So-
ciety's Transactions, page 523, as growing in a
fruiting house in Lord Selsey's Garden, at West
Dean, in Sussex, has been subsequently ascertained
to be this variety.
LEAVES crenated, with reniform glands.
FLOWERS small, bright red.
FRUIT rather larger than that of other Nectarines,
and somewhat broader at the base than at the apex ;
cavity of the footstalk middle-sized ; the point which
marks the base of the style seldom projects, but is
generally in a shallow cleft, which runs across the
apex. SKIN, where exposed, dark purplish red,
intermixed or mottled with pale brown dots ; next
the wall pale yellowish green. FLESH whitish, or
very pale yellowish green, edged with red at the
stone, from which it parts freely ; melting, juicy,
and rich. STONE middle-sized, roundish, obovate,
its fissures not so deep nor so sharp as those of the
Elruge, their ridges flattish, but rough, and of a red
colour, by which it may be always distinguished from
the fruit just named, the stone of which is pale,
with no rays of red passing from it into the flesh.
69
THE GOLDEN REINETTE APPLE.
Golden Reinette, of all English writers on Gardening. Hort.
Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 905.
Yellow German Reinette 7 /• /* • n u i-
> of some foreign Collections.
English Pippin 3
Aurore. Hort. Cat. no. 26.
Wyker Pippin of the Dutch, but not of the Hort. Cat.
wo. 1184.
This excellent Apple has long been known in
our Gardens, having been spoken of by the earliest
English writers upon gardening.
It must not be confounded with the Reinette
Dore"e of the French, nor with the Apple bearing
the same name in Holland, both of which are dis-
tinct from this, and also from each other, but
equally deserving cultivation.
This sort bears unusually well in our climate ;
its blossoms suffer less from spring frosts than those
of many varieties. The fruit is a valuable winter
kind, ripening in the end of October, and keeping
till the end of January, or even later, after hot, dry
summers.
WOOD rather strong, dark chestnut brown,
coated with a little silvery white, but not parti-
cularly downy.
LEAVES ovate, acuminate, doubly serrated, dark
shining green. STIPULES lanceolate, reflexed.
VOL. II. G
FRUIT roundish, depressed. EYE large, open,
seated in a broad shallow cavity. FOOTSTALK
nearly an inch long, moderately thick. SKIN
usually smooth, with a few minute, triangular, rus-
set spots ; in the shade greenish yellow, changing
to golden yellow, with a dull red cheek, slightly
streaked with brighter red. FLESH yellow, crisp,
with a rich, sugary juice. Most excellent.
70
THE FRIZZLED FILBERT,
Frizzled Filbert. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 17.
Of all the Nut tribe this is among those most
deserving of cultivation, whether we consider its
hardiness, beauty when in the husk, or , abundant
produce. In flavour it is not materially different
from the White Filbert.
It originated in a Garden at Hoveton, near
Norwich, where it was well known for its annual
crops, when all the bushes near it were almost
destitute of fruit. It has been, within a few years,
extensively circulated among Nurserymen, and now
is far from uncommon.
Its name is derived from the singular appear-
ance of the husk or involucrum.
The BRANCHES are spreading.
CLUSTERS of fruit usually in threes or fives,
sometimes more. INVOLUCRUM much and deeply
divided, spreading open at the mouth, large, ex-
tending twice the length of the Nut. NUT rather
small, oblong, and flattened. SHELL of moderate
thickness, filled with the kernel, which is of good
flavour. Ripens rather late.
i
71
THE PRINCESS OF ORANGE PEAR.
Princesse (TO range. Hort. Trans, vol. iv.p.ZTJ. Fruit Cat.
no. 475.
This Pear was raised in 1802, by the Comte de
Coloma, as we learn from the Horticultural Trans-
actions. It is in perfection in October; and from
the great beauty, as well as good quality of its fruit,
is strongly recommended to notice as a valuable
autumn Pear.
It bears freely upon either a Pear or Quince
stock ; and, from not opening its blossoms early, is
less exposed to our spring frosts than many kinds.
WOOD reddish brown, with small, round, white
spots.
LEAVES ovate, rather sharply serrated. STI-
PULES nearly as long as the petioles.
FLOWERS white, rather below the middle size.
FRUIT roundish, turbinate, about the size of a
White Beurr6. STALK rather short, seated in a
shallow cavity. SKIN a bright reddish orange
russet. FLESH yellowish white, sugary, and rich ;
it is in some seasons perfectly melting, but occa-
sionally is a little gritty.
::.' *.•":'•*: :• : :
.
THE SECKLE PEAR.
Seckle. Coxe's Fruit Trees, p. 189. Thatcher, American
Orchardist, p. 190. Hort. Trans, vol. in. p. 256. t. 9 ;
vol. iv. p. 520. Fruit Cat. no. 552.
New York Red Cheek. Hort. Cat. no. 432.
> of some Collections.
Red-cheeked Seckle 3 J
Early in the year 1819, a paper by Dr. Hosack,
of New York, was read before the Horticultural
Society, in which this variety is spoken of in the
following terms, extracted from Coxe's work on
American Fruit Trees : " The flesh is melting,
juicy, and most exquisitely and delicately flavoured.
The time of ripening is from the end of August to
the middle of October. The tree is singularly vi-
gorous and beautiful, of great regularity of growth
and richness of foliage, very hardy, and possessing
all the characteristics of a new variety."
Much attention was naturally excited by this
statement, and the trees, which were liberally
transmitted by Dr. Hosack along with his descrip-
tion, were eagerly sought after. Subsequent ex-
perience in this country has amply confirmed the
American account. It is found to exceed in excel-
lence of flavour the very richest of our autumn
Pears, possessing a high vinous aroma, which can
scarcely be compared with any thing in fruits,
unless with a concentration of the taste peculiar to
the Swan's Egg.
The fault of the variety is, that it only remains
in perfection for a few days; it speedily decays
after being gathered. The period of ripening with
us is usually the end of October.
WOOD reddish brown, sprinkled with a few
whitish or pale-brown spots.
LEAVES rather large ; on the lower part of the
shoots regularly ovate and acuminate, with a ser-
rated margin ; on the upper end of the shoots
ovate - oblong, with a slightly crenated margin.
STIPULES linear, more than half the length of the
petioles. PETIOLES about half an inch long.
FLOWERS small, bright rose-colour when ex-
panding, disposed in cymes or bunches at the
end of the shoots; petals obovate, tapering to
the claw.
FRUIT growing in clusters at the end of the
shoots, of small size. SKIN dull brown, or brown-
ish green, with a very bright red cheek. STALK
about an inch long, slightly sunk at its insertion.
FLESH tender, juicy, melting, peculiarly rich and
high-flavoured, with a powerful but most agreeable
aroma, totally different from that usually perceived
in perfumed Pears.
73
THE ROYAL PEACH.
Royal. Miller's Diet. no. 7. Forsyth, ed. 7, p. 46.
La Royale. Duhamel, vol. ii.p. 35, t. 24. Noisette, Manuel,
p. 480.
Bourdine. Duhamel, vol. ii. p. 20, 1. 12. Noisette, Manuel,
p. 480. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 27.
T£ton de Venus. Hitt on Fruit Trees, p. 320. Noisette,
Manuel, p. 480. Jard. Fr. vol. ii. p. 92. Forsyth, ed. 7,
p. 47. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 162.
Late Admirable. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 3.
This magnificent Peach ripens about the latter
end of September, and is by far the most valuable of
our late varieties. These, in an English autumn, are
too often remarkable for nothing but their want of
colour and flavour; but the Royal yields to no
summer Peach in the richness of its juice, the deli-
cacy of its flesh, or the beauty of its colour. Every
writer agrees on this point, and we scarcely remem-
ber an autumn which was too unfavourable for
bringing it to perfection.
There is no doubt whatever of the identity of
the Royal, the Bourdine, the T&ton de Ve*nus, and
the Late Admirable. The Royal and Late Admi-
rable are admitted to be the same. Butret, a writer
of the highest authority in all that relates to the
Peach, declares that the T£ton de Ve"nus, the Royal,
and the Bourdine, are absolutely the same, and that
VOL. II. H
the pretended differences between them are only
" un charlatanisme des pepini&ristes." Even M. Noi-
sette, in his Manuel Compkt, although he retains
the Teton de Venus and Bourdine as distinct, re-
marks that the Bourdine is nothing but the other
in perfection. And finally, the observations of
Mr. Thompson, in the Garden of the Horticul-
tural Society, go completely to prove the identity
of the whole.
LEAVES crenated, with globose glands.
FLOWERS small, pale red.
FRUIT large, roundish, inclining to oblong. SU-
TURE deeply impressed along one side, having the
flesh swelling boldly and equally on both sides,
with a slight depression on the summit, where there
is usually a small nipple ; but in this respect the
fruit varies. SKIN covered with a short close down,
streaked with dull tawny red next the Sun, pale
green or straw-colour in the shade. Cavity of the
STALK rather small. FLESH delicate, white, melt-
ing, juicy, and high-flavoured, with a slight tinge of
rose next the stone, from which it parts freely.
STONE above the middle size, oval, constantly with
a long sharp point.
ffg j7tcc<z<z~&<, „
THE GRAY DOYENNE PEAR.
Doyenne gris. Duhamel, Arb. Fr. vol. ii. p. 208, t. 47. Cat.
of the Luxemb. p. 34. Hort. Trans, vol. v. t. 2, f. 1.
Fruit Cat. no. 235.
Doyenne d'Automne, of some Collections.
Red Doyenne. Hort. Trans, vol. i. p. 230. Fruit Cat.
no. 238.
Doyenne roux. Poiteau et Turpin, Arb. Fr. 100. Hort.
Fruit Cat. no. 239. Noisette, Jard. Fr. vol. Hi. p. 114.
t. 41 ; Manuel, p. 525.
This variety is very often confounded with the
White Doyenne", already figured in this work.
All the names cited above are undoubted syno-
nyms ; and it is exceedingly probable that the
Doyenne galeux of Noisette's Manuel, page 526,
is also the same : no difference has been found
between fruit produced by a tree sent by him
to the Horticultural Society, and the old Gray
Doyenne*.
We think that this is scarcely so good as the
White Doyenne", when that variety is taken at its
best ; but its period of perfection is so short that
the Gray Doyenne^ which will keep much longer,
and which also possesses much excellence of flavour,
may perhaps be considered the most useful.
It is a very great bearer grafted upon the Quince;
and as it is very handsome, and ripens immediately
after the White Doyenne", no collection should be
without it.
The FLOWERS, WOOD, and LEAVES, are almost
the same as those of the White Doyenne*.
FRUIT not so large as that of the White Doyenne",
but of a similar form. SKIN covered with a bright
cinnamon russet; occasionally, in highly ripened
specimens, red next the sun. FLESH scarcely so
white as that of the White Doyenne*, rich, melting*
and sugary.
-.
75
:
THE NAPOLEON PEAR.
Napoleon. Trans, of the Hort. Soc. vol. ii. p. 404 ; vol. iv.
p. 215. Hort. Fruit Cat. no. 428.
Medaille. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 401.
An excellent variety, raised by Dr. Van Mons,
at Louvain, and thence sent to this country in 1816.
It is now pretty common, and universally admired.
It ripens in the middle of November, and remains in
perfection several days.
It is necessary to bear in mind that this Pear is
not fit to eat till its deep green colour becomes very
pale ; as early as the beginning of October, the
fruit is sweet and pleasant ; but if in perfection,
it is filled with a most unusual abundance of rich
agreeable juice, combined with a flesh as tender and
melting as that of a Peach.
Trees sent from Tournay, by M. Dumortier-
Ruteau, under the name of La Medaille, have
proved the same as this ; and it is extremely pro-
bable that the Sucr6 dor6 of some collections is
also a synonym of it.
A profuse bearer upon an east or west wall ; it
also succeeds as an open dwarf grafted upon the
Quince, and as a common standard.
WOOD strong, dark yellowish green, moderately
sprinkled with whitish spots.
LEAVES tapering to a point, widely serrated.
FLOWERS remarkably large, expanding late.
FRUIT large, the form of a Colmar, angular
about the eye, a good deal contracted in the middle.
EYE a little depressed. STALK rather more than
half an inch long, slightly sunk at the insertion.
SKIN smooth, bright green, in which state it re-
mains for some time after the fruit is gathered ; it
finally changes to a pale green, when the flesh
becomes very melting, with a pleasant copious
juice, which is unusually rich and refreshing.
76
THE DUTCHESS OF ANGOULEME PEAR.
Duchesse d'Angouleme. Bon Jar dirtier, 1829, p. 328. Hort.
Trans, vol. vii. t. 3. Fruit Cat. no. 245.
This, the very finest of the late autumn Pears,
is said to have been found wild in a hedge near
Anvers.
It ripens in the end of November, and is re-
markable, not only for its excellence, but also for
its irregular, knobby surface, covered with broad
patches of brown, by which it is readily known.
It arrives at a weight quite unusual in Pears
that are fit for the dessert. Jersey specimens have
been seen weighing twenty-two ounces; and in
1827, a fruit was gathered from an east wall, in the
Garden of the Horticultural Society, that weighed
nineteen ounces.
The trees bear very early and certainly, if
grafted upon the Quince, for which the sort is better
adapted than for the Pear stock. It is doubtful
whether it will succeed as an open standard ; the
best situation is an east wall.
WOOD yellowish, covered with white spots.
LEAVES ovate, middle-sized.
FLOWERS open early ; their petals oval, or
somewhat obovate.
FRUIT roundish -oblong, tapering towards the
stalk, with an extremely uneven surface, usually
measuring about three inches and a half each way,
but sometimes much larger. STALK and EYE
deeply sunk. SKIN dull yellow, copiously and irre-
gularly spotted with broad russet patches. FLESH
rich, melting, very juicy and high-flavoured, with
a most agreeable perfume.
77
THE CANADIAN REINETTE APPLE.
Reinette de Canada. Noisette, Jardin Fruitier, t. 52. Bon
Jardinier, 1827, p. 325. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. 868.
Reinette de Canada blanche, }
T» . ^ i /-, • 'Of some (Collections.
Reinette Grosse de Canada, 3
Reinette de Canada a cotes. Hort. Cat. 869.
Reinette de Caen. Hort. Cat. 867.
Portugal Apple. Hort. Cat. 803.
Janurea. Hort. Cat. 489.
This valuable variety is much better known
among the French than in this country, as is ob-
vious from there not being a single English syno-
nym which can be ascribed to it. That of " the
Portugal Apple" can scarcely be considered an
exception to this remark, as it was merely a tem-
porary local name, given because the trees to which
it referred had been sent from Portugal.
It varies very much in figure, in consequence
of which several varieties have been formed out of
one. The fruit produced by late blossoms is much
less angular than that proceeding from early blos-
soms, in which the ribs are very distinctly marked ;
hence the Reinette de Canada a c6tes.
The value of this arises from its being a hardy
tree, a great bearer, especially on Paradise ; an
excellent dessert fruit, and a good keeper. In
many respects it resembles the Ribston Pippin,
which possibly sprang from its seeds.
VOL. II. I
Ripens in December, and keeps well till March
or April ; but in perfection in the end of January.
It was sent to the Horticultural Society from
the Ionian Islands, by Dr. Skey, under the name
of Mela Janurea.
WOOD strong, spreading, chestnut brown, thinly
covered with patches of grayish cuticle, and spa-
ringly dotted; towards the extremities densely
woolly.
LEAVES cordate, obtusely serrated. PETIOLES
very strong and short. STIPULES rather small,
linear, or approaching to linear-lanceolate.
FLOWERS rather large, oval, cordate at the
base, imbricated ; very different from those of the
Reinette de Canada grise, or Royal Russet of Eng-
land, in which they are much larger.
FRUIT large, broad and flat. EYE rather open,
in a tolerable cavity, surrounded with prominent
ribs, which pass half way down the sides to the
base. STALK short, in a wide, spreading hollow.
SKIN rich greenish yellow, with a little tinge of
brown on the exposed side. FLESH yellowish
white, firm, juicy, with a high, brisk, subacid
flavour.
78
THE EASTER BEURREE PEAR.
Bergamotte de la Pentecote. Noisette, Manuel, vol. ii.
p. 537. Hort. Soc. Cat. 73.
Beurree d' hiver 4e Bruxelles. Hort. Cat. 103. Taschen-
buch, p. 420.
Bezy Chaumontel tres gros. Hort. Cat. 183.
Doyenne d'hiver, of some Collections.
Of all the very late-keeping Pears, this is de-
cidedly the best. It has been recently introduced
into England from the Continent, but its origin
there is not known. In many of the foreign collec-
tions it is confounded with the Bergamotte de
Paques, or Easter Bergamot, — a good, but inferior
variety ; from which it is distinguishable, not only
by its fruit, but also by its wood, which is reddish
yellow, not green as that of the Easter Bergamot.
The Beurree d'hiver de Bruxelles, a kind only
described in the Taschenbuch, has proved in the
Garden of the Horticultural Society to be this ; as
has also a variety received some years since from
M. Stoffels, of Mechlin, under the name of Bezy
Chaumontel tres gros. It is probable, from this
latter circumstance, that the origin of this kind was
Flanders.
The Pear of this name described in the Horti-
cultural Transactions, vol. v. in the Appendix, by
M. Parmentier, is not here cited as a synonym,
because it is characterised as a crisp fruit, which this
never is ; for a similar reason, the Bergamotte de
Pentecote of Van Mons's Arbres Fruitier s is omitted,
that writer speaking of its musky flavour, a quality
unknown in the subject of these remarks.
It is observed by M. Noisette, that he thinks
his Bergamotte de la Pentec6te is the same as the
Beurree' Ranee of the Flemings. In this, however,
he is certainly mistaken, as will be shewn in a
future number of this work.
A most profuse bearer grafted upon the Quince,
and is no doubt perfectly hardy. If it has a wall,
an eastern aspect would suit it well.
WOOD reddish-yellow, sprinkled with distinct
whitish spots.
LEAVES oblong, folded together.
FLOWERS early, very abundant, middle-sized.
PETALS oval, not imbricated.
FRUIT large, roundish oblong, broadest towards
the EYE, which is sunk in a moderately deep de-
pression. STALK short, thick, sunk in a deep
cavity. SKIN green, speckled with russet-brown ;
when ripe becoming yellowish. FLESH whitish,
inclining to yellow, perfectly buttery and melting,
and extremely high flavoured.
UeJ.
79
THE MARTIN NONPAREIL APPLE.
Martin Nonpareil. Hort. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 456. Hort.
Soc. Fruit Cat. 660.
This useful and excellent variety was first no-
ticed in the Garden of the Rev. George Williams,
of Martin-Hussingtree, near Worcester, by whom it
had been received from a Nursery as a Crab-stock,
about the year 1795.
It is a great bearer as a standard tree, and highly
deserves the notice of those who cultivate fruit for
the supply of the market, as it is in perfection at a
period of the year when good Apples fetch a high
price.
Ripens in December, and will keep well till
April, or, with good management, till midsummer.
WOOD greenish-brown, with few spots.
LEAVES somewhat oval, or roundish -oblong,
acutely crenated.
FLOWERS middle-sized, rather earlier and paler
than those of the common Nonpareil. PETALS
ovate, when fully blown expanded almost flat.
FRUIT larger than that of the old Nonpareil,
and more irregular in figure ; it is generally round-
ish, sometimes approaching a conical figure. STALK
short, thick, not deeply inserted. EYE surrounded
by plaits. SKIN a clear lemon colour, sprinkled
with light yellowish-brown russet. FLESH yellow,
firm, with a richly sugared juice.
80
THE WORMSLEY PIPPIN APPLE.
Wormsley Pippin. Hort. Cat. 1183.
Knight's Codlin, of some Collections.
The first account of this variety is to be found
in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society, in
a paper communicated by Mr. Knight, in March
1811.
It is an excellent autumn fruit, bearing well,
and having a firm, high -flavoured flesh, resembling
in quality that of the Newtown Pippin.
It derives its name from Wormsley Grange, —
a country-seat in Herefordshire, where Mr. Knight
formerly resided.
Ripens in the beginning of September, and re-
mains in perfection till the end of October.
WOOD very vigorous, dark chestnut colour.
FLOWERS middle-sized. PETALS obtuse, some-
what cordate at the base.
LEAVES ovate, acuminate, serrated. STIPULES
lanceolate.
FRUIT middle-sized, globular, slightly angular.
EYE deeply sunk, surrounded by small plaits.
STALK about an inch long, deeply inserted. CO-
LOUR pale green on the shaded side, brown next
the sun. FLESH white, firm, crisp, juicy, with a
lively, sugared juice.
81
THE SYKEHOUSE RUSSET APPLE.
Sykehouse Russet. Forsytes Treatise, edit. 7, p. 126.
Hooker Pom. Lond. 40. Hort. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 319.
Fruit Cat. no. 1002.
Prager, of some Dutch Collections.
This is one of the most favourite of our Rus-
sets, being remarkable among them for the clear-
ness of its skin, the beauty of its form, and the
excellence of its flavour.
It derives its .name from the village of Syke-
house, in Yorkshire. It ripens in the middle of
winter, and is among our best keepers. It is hardy,
and a good bearer.
WOOD chestnut, overspread with a silvery cu-
ticle.
LEAVES concave, ovate-acuminate, crenated or
obtusely serrated. PETIOLES rather short. STI-
PULES'broad.
FLOWERS middle-sized, pink. PETALS oblong,
ovate.
FRUIT flat, middle-sized, both eye and stalk
being sunk in an even cavity; the latter variable
in length, and not deeply inserted. SKIN greenish,
more or less covered with russet, which in some
seasons almost entirely disappears; on the sunny
side, of a deep rich brown. FLESH white, ap-
proaching to yellow, firm, juicy, with a fine subacid
flavour.
VOL. II. K
THE BEACHAMWELL SEEDLING APPLE.
Beachamwell Seedling . . 7
, c „• [ Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 42.
Motteux s Seedling .... J
A most valuable table-fruit, raised several years
ago by John Motteux, Esq. at Beachamwell, in
Norfolk, where the original tree still exists.
It is a good bearer, and very hardy; and the
fruit keeping well, and being of the smaller size,
it is particularly well adapted to a select but not
extensive collection. No good Garden ought to
be without either this, the Golden Harvey, or the
Court of Wick — all excellent substitutes for the
delicate and unhealthy Golden Pippin.
WOOD bright chestnut colour, sprinkled with
whitish spots.
LEAVES flat, ovate, sometimes oblong, pointed
at the apex, and evenly serrated.
FLOWERS middle-sized, rose-coloured. PETALS
oblong, not imbricated when fully expanded.
FRUIT rather below the middle size, the shape
of a small Golden Reinette, EYE small, open,
slightly sunk. STALK rather more than half an
inch long, and moderately thick, SKIN pale yellow,
with a slight indication to red on the exposed side,
sprinkled with uneven brown spots. FLESH yel-
low, tender, juicy, sweet, and pleasant ; in excellent
condition at the end of March.
83
THE BEURRE D'AREMBERG PEAR.
Beurre d'Aremberg. Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 406 j vol. vii.
p. 178. Hort. Cat. wo. 84. Noisette, Jardin Fruitier,
vol. Hi. p. 170. Manuel, 529.
Due d'Aremberg, of some Gardens.
This Pear is truly characterised in the Horti-
cultural Transactions as deserving "to be placed
at the head of all the Pears in cultivation." We
certainly do not know any variety which can, upon
the whole, be said to equal it; for its flavour is
not only excellent, and its flesh tender and juicy,
but it is hardy, a great bearer, and will keep till
March.
It is usually cultivated as a dwarf, being grafted
on Quince, and trained against an east or west wall ;
but it succeeds perfectly well as an open standard.
It was introduced from Flanders about eight or
nine years ago, along with a variety called the
Gloux Morceaux, of rather inferior quality, but of
great excellence, which is now often sold in the
Nurseries for this.
The Colmar Deschamps, said to be the same
as this, is not quoted as a synonym, because it is
doubtful whether it be not a distinct kind.
WOOD deep yellowish brown, sprinkled with
gray spots.
LEAVES middle-sized, ovate - oblong, a little
waved, nearly entire on the old wood, slightly ser-
rated towards the extremity of the young shoots,
of a rich dark-green colour.
FRUIT turbinate, on an average 3^ inches long,
and 2f inches wide at the broadest part, the STALK
measuring one inch in length : there is a contrac-
tion towards the setting on of the stalk. SKIN, a
delicate pale green, very slightly dotted with russet,
which becomes a deeper yellow when ripe. FLESH
whitish, firm, very juicy, perfectly melting, without
any grittiness, and of a very extraordinary, rich,
sweet, high- flavoured quality.
84
THE DUTCH MIGNONNE APPLE.
Dutch Mignonne. G. Lindley in Hort. Trans, vol. iv. p. 70.
Copmanthorpe Crab. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. 198.
Christ's Golden Reinette. Taschenbuch, p. 405.
Reinette doree. Mayer Pomona Franconica, t. xxx.
Under the name of Reinette dor6e, or Golden
Reinette, are confounded at least four distinct
varieties; — firstly, the 'true Golden Reinette of
England ; secondly, the Reinette dore"e of some
Dutch Gardens; thirdly, the Reinette dore"e of
Mayer's Pomona Franconica, which is the kind now
figured ; and fourthly, the Reinette doree of Duha-
mel, Knoop, and others, which is the Spate Gelbe
Reinette of the Germans.
Of these four, the most valuable is undoubtedly
that now figured. It was originally made known
to English Gardeners by Mr. George Lindley, who
procured scions from the Garden of a Norfolk gen-
, tleman, by whom it had been imported from Hol-
land, and who, not knowing what it was, called it
the Dutch Mignonne. In Yorkshire it is known by
the name of the Copmanthorpe Crab, an appellation
which is better abandoned, as no one would expect
to find a Crab of the high excellence of this.
It is one of our very best winter-fruits, being
very hardy, a great bearer, keeping well till March,
and retaining its beauty, (which is not at all ex-
aggerated in the accompanying figure,) along with
its fine aromatic subacid flavour, till the very last.
TREE of the largest size among Apples.
WOOD bright chestnut, sprinkled with numerous
whitish spots ; strong and erect.
LEAVES flat, nearly oval, acuminate, regularly
serrated. STIPULES small, lanceolate.
FLOWERS opening rather early. PETALS large,
pale blush, somewhat cordate at the base, where
they closely imbricate each other.
FRUIT large. EYE generally close, deeply sunk.
STALK about an inch long, deeply inserted. SKIN
sprinkled with numerous small russet, white, and
green spots. COLOUR, on the shaded side, greenish
yellow ; on the sunny side, rich, deep, dull red,
streaked and mottled. FLESH yellow, hard, crisp,
very juicy, with a delicious, aromatic, subacid
flavour.
85
THE BARCELONA PEARMAIN.
Barcelona Pearmain. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 747.
Speckled Golden Reinette. Ibid. no. 933.
Kleiner Casseler Reinette. Ibid. no. 913.
Glace Rouge. Ibid. no. 365.
Reinette Rouge . . . • "1
Reinette Rousse.. .. V Ofvarious Collections.
Reinette des Carmes I
It is not certain how this variety acquired its
common English name. It has been known many
years in collections near London, and is by no
means uncommon upon the Continent, as its dif-
ferent names seem to shew.
A very good table Apple; not perhaps of first-
rate quality, but at the same time far from medio-
crity; ripening in November, and keeping in per-
fection through December and January.
A good bearer either as a dwarf or standard, for
both of which it is well adapted.
The singular speckled appearance of its surface
distinguishes this from all other Apples.
WOOD dull chestnut, with a few pale-brown
spots.
LEAVES middle-sized, flat, oval, with a remark-
ably long, abruptly acuminate point, which has very
few serratures. STIPULES long, linear.
FLOWERS below the middle size. PETALS
somewhat oval, inclining to ovate, nearly flat, not
imbricated when fully expanded.
VOL. II. L
FRUIT oval, not angular, rather long, with a
small shallow eye. STALK short, usually a little
thickened on one side. SKIN uneven, with nume-
rous irregular russet spots ; on the sunny side a
deep warm red, on the other brownish yellow.
FLESH firm, inclining to yellowish, with a rich,
but slight, agreeable acid.
86
THE OLD NONPAREIL APPLE.
Nonpareil. Switzer's Fruit Gardener. Langley's Pomona,
t. 79,/. 4. Duhamel, Traite, no. 35, 1. 12. f. 2. Forsy>th's
Treatise, edit. 7, p. 117. Hort. Cat. no. 664.
Nonpareil d'Angleterre. Hort. Soc. Cat. no. 647.
Hunt's Nonpareil. Ibid. no. 659.
Loveden's Pippin. Ibid. no. 573.
Griine Reinette, of the Germans.
Reinette Non-pareil, or Nonpareille. Knoop, Pomolog.
p. 51, t. 9.
Perhaps this is, of all the Apples we know, the
most general favourite with persons of every taste,
on account of its peculiar agreeable brisk flavour,
and the length of time it keeps.
Switzer, who wrote of it in 1724, speaks thus: —
" The Nonpareil shall bring up the rear in this list
of Apples, being a fruit so deservedly valued for the
briskness of its taste, the lovely russet of its coat,
so much improved if exposed to the sun, that even
the colour equals the finest russets, and the taste is
incomparably better. This Apple is no stranger in
England, though it might have had its original in
France; yet there are trees of them about the
Ashtons, in Oxfordshire, of about a hundred years
old, which (as they have it by tradition) were first
brought out of France, and planted by a Jesuit, in
Queen Mary's or Queen Elizabeth's time. The great
improvement that is made to the bearing of this
fruit, as well as Golden Pippins, on Paradise stocks,
is well known ; and their beautiful aspects in pots,
and in the middle of a dessert, has been the glory of
one of the most generous encouragers of gardening
this age has produced, I mean the Right Honourable
the Lord Castlemain."
From which it appears that the Nonpareil has
been in our Gardens above two hundred years.
Mr. Thompson remarks to us, that the French
do not seem to know what an English Nonpareil
is, notwithstanding the publication of their country-
man Duhamel, because Noisette speaks of it as
being very like the Reinette de Canada, only less
in all its parts : and further, that it is probable that
the Americans are unacquainted with it, for their
great writer, Coxe, speaks of what he calls the
Nonpareil in terms of no great praise, and figures it
with a very short thick stalk, — a character the re-
verse of that of the Nonpareil, which has uniformly
a long slender stalk.
A good bearer, but rather a tender tree : the
fruit keeps well, with care, till May.
WOOD slender, reddish chestnut, very slightly
downy, apt to canker in cold damp situations.
LEAVES rather small, erect, oval, tapering to the
petiole, a little folded together.
FLOWERS middle-sized. PETALS ovate, but
little imbricated; bright rose-colour when ex-
panding.
FRUIT approaching to middle-sized, flat, broadest
at the base. STALK slender, about an inch long.
SKIN, when the fruit is fit for use, greenish yellow,
slightly coated with light russet; occasionally, if
much exposed to the sun, of a deep, rich, reddish
brown on one side.
r
F
87
THE SCARLET NONPAREIL APPLE.
Scarlet Nonpareil. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 670.
In constitution and quality this is very like the
Common Nonpareil, from which it chiefly differs in
the colour of the fruit ; it scarcely keeps so long,
being in greatest perfection in January and Feb-
ruary.
It is a most valuable sound Apple, and deserves
to be placed near the summit of the list of Garden
fruits. It is an excellent bearer.
The Schafer Apple of the Germans, quoted in
the Catalogue of the Horticultural Garden as a
synonyme to this, is undoubtedly a distinct variety.
WOOD and LEAVES almost exactly the same as
those of the Old Nonpareil.
FLOWERS middle-sized, with deep, rose, flat,
ovate PETALS.
FRUIT middle-sized, larger than the Old Non-
pareil, roundish, with no angles at the sides. EYE
shallow, placed in a regularly-formed depression,
surrounded with very small plaits. STALK variable
in length, sometimes nearly an inch long, some-
times a thick fleshy knob. SKIN deep red next the
sun, sprinkled with pale-brown dots ; the shaded
part yellowish green, passing off into a streaked
appearance towards the junction of the two colours.
FLESH firm, yellowish white, juicy, rich, and ex-
cellent.
^
i&? . W; /.fe (.<
88
THE BEURRE RANGE PEAR.
Beurre Ranee. Van Mom, Arbres Fruitiers, p. 373. Hort.
Trans, vol. v. p. 130. Ibid. Append. Cat. Hi.
Beurre Epine
TT . , _> . q/ some Lollections.
Hardenpont de Prmtems • • '
Described by Dr. Van Mons as being the best
of the late Pears, keeping from December to May.
This is, perhaps, to ascribe too high a character to
the variety, which is, however, undoubtedly of rare
excellence, not only on account of its flavour, but
also of the capability it possesses of keeping sound
and in perfection till a late period of the spring.
It was raised at Mons by the late M. Har-
denpont, by whom a number of other good Flemish
Pears were obtained from seed some years ago.
The tree is vigorous, and a good bearer after a
few years ; it has a straggling mode of growth, the
shoots being in many cases pendulous.
WOOD brownish yellow, sprinkled with roundish
gray dots.
LEAVES middle-sized, ovate, flat. STIPULES
linear, about as long as the petioles upon the young
wood.
FLOWERS early, large, with imbricated petals.
FRUIT middle-sized, oblong, tapering to the
stalk, which is long and slender. SKIN deep green
at all times, even when most ripe. FLESH green,
melting, rather gritty, having a delicious rich flavour,
with very little acid.
The fruit shrivels in ripening.
89
THE FORMAN'S CREW APPLE.
Forman's Crew. Hort. Soc. Cat. no. 342,
This was raised in Glamorganshire, by Thomas
Seton Forman, Esq., at Pennydarron Place, near
Merthyr Tidvill. It is one of the best table Apples
we have, combining the excellence of the Old
Golden Pippin and Nonpareil. It keeps as late as
any variety we know, and the tree is among the
most healthy.
It bears abundantly as an open standard, and is
especially well adapted for cultivating as a dwarf,
either upon Paradise or Crabstock. The Hub-
bard's Pearmain, already figured in this work, is
very like it; but Forman's Crew is less aromatic
than that variety.
TREE remarkably healthy.
WOOD straight, reddish chestnut colour, without
much down, sprinkled with small yellowish-white
spots.
LEAVES middle-sized, ovate acuminate, doubly
and rather unequally serrated. PETIOLES about an
inch long. STIPULES lanceolate.
FRUIT like a large Golden Pippin, but russety.
EYE small, a little open, placed in a shallow de-
pression. STALK short, not deeply inserted. SKIN
nearly covered with a yellowish russet brown.
FLESH greenish yellow, juicy, rich, very high fla-
voured, and excellent.
VOL. IT. M
90
THE ROSS NONPAREIL.
Ross Nonpareil. Robertson in Hort. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 454.
Fruit Cat. no. 667.
Mr. Robertson, of Kilkenny, has the merit of
having first introduced this valuable Apple to notice.
It is of Irish origin, and is one of the few fennel-
flavoured Apples which are cultivated among us.
Its good qualities are, that it is a great bearer
on an open standard ; that the tree is vigorous and
healthy in all soils ; and that the fruit, which is
very handsome, keeps well till March or April,
ripening in the end of November.
The TREE is round-headed.
LEAVES flat. STIPULES small, and very narrow.
FLOWERS middle-sized, or rather large, with
roundish, cordate petals.
FRUIT roundish, not at all angular. EYE small,
placed in a shallow depression, surrounded by the
persistent green calyx. STALK about an inch long.
SKIN russety all over, with dull red streaks on the
sunny side. FLESH greenish white, sweet and rich,
with an agreeable perfumed fennel flavour.
91
THE KEENS' SEEDLING STRAWBERRY.
Keens' Seedling. Hort. Trans, vol. v. p. 260. t. 12. Fruit
Cat. no. 64.
Keens' New Pine. . . .
Keens' Black Pine .. J> of some Collections.
Murphy's Child
le . . i oj
Perhaps no new fruit has enjoyed so great a
degree of celebrity, upon its first appearance, as
that which is now represented; and it may without
impropriety be added, that few have had greater
claims to reputation. The publication of a figure
in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society,
the exhibition of fruit at their meetings, and the
rapid dispersion of many thousand plants throughout
the country, either by public or private channels,
have carried the fame of Keens' Seedling to the
remotest corners of Great Britain ; and its peculiar
excellence has enabled it to maintain the station
in public opinion which it so acquired.
Its great merits are, that it is very large, very
good, and very prolific. It forces better than any
other, carries extremely well, and bears its fruit
high enough above the earth to keep it free from
the soil. No Strawberry has the same vigorous
appearance as this. Its deep green, broad leaves,
and stout flowerscapes, attest a healthiness of con-
stitution which is> scarcely equalled by any of its
class, except the Old Pine ; and if Keens' Seed-
ling be inferior to that in flavour, it is much more
than equal to it in size and productiveness.
It was raised from the seed of Keens' Im-
perial, by Mr. Michael Keens, a market gardener at
Isleworth.
The following is the account given of it in the
Horticultural Transactions : —
" A most excellent bearer, ripening early, soon
after the Scarlets, and before any other of the Pines.
The FRUIT is very large, round or ovate, some of
the largest assuming a cock's-comb shape ; when
ripe, of a very dark purplish scarlet next the sun,
the other side paler, slightly hairy. SEEDS (grains)
a little embedded in the polished surface of the fruit,
which has usually a furrow at the apex. The FLESH
is firm, solid, scarlet, without any separable core,
tolerably high flavoured. The CALYX is of mo-
derate size, hairy, incurved. The FOOTSTALKS of
the leaves are tall, slightly hairy. The LEAFLETS
very large, roundish, for the most part flat, reclined,
of a very smooth, shining, dark green, with coarse
serratures, which are large and rounded. The
RUNNERS are small, numerous, greenish yellow,
and slightly hairy. The SCAPES are of moderate
length, sometimes very short, branched, with short,
weak, clustered peduncles, middle-sized, opening
early."
THE ELTON CHERRY.
Elton. Hooker's Pomona Londinensis , t. 7. Hort. Trans,
vol. 2. p. 157, 302. Fruit Cat. no. 39.
This invaluable variety was raised in 1806, by
Mr. Knight, from a seed of the Graffion or Ambre"e
Cherry, which had been fecundated by the pollen
of the White-Heart. It was first made known
by Mr. Hooker, in his Pomona Londinensis, and
since by communications at various times to the
Horticultural Society.
Its merit can scarcely be too highly spoken of.
In flavour it is by many considered the most de-
licious of Cherries ; its beauty is attested by the
accompanying plate ; and its hardiness and produc-
tiveness, whether upon a standard or against a wall,
are now ascertained by the united experience of all
who have cultivated it. It ripens in the beginning
of July, about the time of the May-Duke, or soon
after.
The TREES are strong and healthy, with dark
brown wood ; the shoots are rather drooping.
LEAVES very large, doubly serrated. PETIOLES
about two inches long on the young wood, with
large reniform glands near the top.
FLOWERS large, opening about the second or
third week in April. FRUIT about the size of
the Bigarreau, and a good deal like it, but much
earlier, and with a longer stalk ; heart-shaped, and
rather pointed. COLOUR, on the shaded side pale
waxy yellow, mottled and dashed with rich red
next the sun. FLESH firm, but not so much so as
that of the Bigarreau, very sweet and rich. STONE
middle-sized, ovate.
:" * /\ : ::;•;•• :•• :•
*•*•***••••• I* •••;"%•"•;
J '
93
KNIGHT'S EARLY BLACK CHERRY.
Knight's Early Black. Hort. Trans, vol. Hi. p. 211 ; vol. iv.
p. 510. Fruit Cat. no. 69.
If we were called upon to state specifically the
difference between this and the Black Tartarian
Cherry, we should certainly be unable to do so;
but, at the same time, we should not be the less of
opinion that they were distinct. It is well known
to fruit-growers, that slight shades of difference,
fleeting characters which words are unequal to ex-
press, often alone distinguish varieties materially
different from each other as objects of cultivation.
In figure, size, colour, and flavour, this is nearly
identical with the Black Tartarian, but it has the
rare merit of ripening earlier ; on a south aspect it
will be ripe by the middle of June, so that it is even
earlier than the May-Duke. The beauty of the
fruit is attested by the accompanying figure ; its
flavour is equal to that of most Cherries.
This was raised by Mr. Knight, about 1810, from
seed of the Graffion impregnated by the May-Duke;
the same parentage as the Black Eagle and the
Waterloo.
BRANCHES spreading, brown, with a grayish
cuticle.
LEAVES oblong, pendulous, nearly flat, of thin
texture, with unusually prominent veins beneath.
VOL. II. N
FLOWERS middle-sized. PETALS somewhat im-
bricated.
FRUIT large, blunt, heart-shaped, with an un-
even surface like that of the Black Tartarian; but it
is less pointed, and has a thicker, shorter stalk,
which is rather deeply inserted. SKIN nearly black,
shining. FLESH firm, juicy, very deep purple, rich
and sweet. STONE small for the size of the fruit,
and nearly round.
\
94
THE DEVONSHIRE QUARENDEN APPLE
Devonshire Quarenden. Forsyth, no. 122. ed. 7. Hort. Soc.
Fruit Cat. no. 822. Hooker's Pomona Londinensis,
no. 13.
Red Quarenden,
. of some Collections.
Sack Apple
There is no better Autumn Apple than this,
either in point of productiveness, beauty, or excel-
lent flavour. As a standard, its crop is always con-
siderable ; and if cultivated as a dwarf, the appear-
ance of the trees, laden with fruit, is even more an
object of ornament than fruit-trees usually are.
It is fit to gather in the month of August, and in
most seasons will last till the end of September.
It was sent from Devonshire to the Gardens
about London, and was probably raised in that
county, where it is extensively cultivated.
WOOD moderately long, dark violet brown,
woolly or downy, thinly and irregularly sprinkled
with linear and roundish specks.
LEAVES ovate -oblong, tapering to the point,
irregularly serrated. PETIOLES rather more than
an inch long. STIPULES somewhat falcate.
FLOWERS opening early, pale, middle-sized.
PETALS roundish concave.
FRUIT middle-sized, oblate, or round, and de-
pressed, the outline tolerably regular. EYE slightly
or not at all depressed, entirely closed by the long
segments of the calyx, and surrounded by little
knobby excrescences. STALK thick, rather short,
deeply inserted. SKIN of an uniform deep rich
crimson, without any streaks ; greenish on the
shaded side. FLESH greenish white ; when newly
gathered, crisp, very juicy, sweet, mixed with a
most agreeable acid.
95
THE NOBLESSE PEACH.
Noblesse, of all English writers, beginning with Switzer in
1724.
Noblest. Miller, no. 13. ed. 8.
Mellish's Favourite, of the English Gardens.
Double Montagne. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 48.
For the following excellent account of this
highly valued and most useful Peach, our work
is indebted to Mr. Robert Thompson, Under Gar-
dener in the Fruit Department of the Horticul-
tural Society's Garden, to whom we have before
had to express our obligations, which, indeed, ought
to be repeated in every page.
FLOWERS large, pale blush.
LEAVES serrated, glandless.
FRUIT large, in general of a roundish shape,
somewhat hollow on the crown, with a small point ;
frequently, however, the shape of the fruit varies on
the same tree, being often a little elongated, with a
larger point on the summit. SKIN slightly downy,
marbled dull red next the sun, somewhat streaked
with darker, breaking off in faint blotches towards
the shaded side, which is pale yellowish green.
FLESH white to the stone, from which it parts
freely; melting and rich. STONE large, pale, ob-
ovate, pointed.
Ripens in the end of August or beginning of
September. It is one of the principal sorts for
forcing. The tree is hardy, and a good bearer.
Switzer, in his " Practical Fruit Gardener,"
published in London in 1724, speaks thus of the
Noblesse of his time : —
" The Noblesse Peach, for largeness, good taste,
and the hardiness and durableness of the tree, is not
equalled, much less excelled, by any fruit we have
in England ; perfectly agreeing with our soil and
climate, as much as if it had been a native of our
own. It succeeds the Montauban, and for size im-
proves upon him. The flowers are of the whitish pale
blush, and the leaves somewhat serrated. In short,
it is the best Peach (take it altogether) of any we
have had from France ; and a man that is content
with, or has but room for a few, cannot do better
than to plant the Montauban and Noblesse Peach,
preferable to any other."
Hence it appears that this celebrated variety is of
French origin, and yet it is singular that it has not
hitherto been identified with any thing in the modern
French Gardens. This has induced me to put toge-
ther the following remarks : —
The Noblesse Peach is in the section of " serra-
ted glandless leaves, large flowers, melters," of Mr.
Lindley's classification. The French include in this
section, according to the " Bon Jardinier," the Avant-
P£che Blanche (White Nutmeg, Miller), Madeleine
Blanche, de Malte, Madeleine de Courson, Car-
dinal e, d'Ispahan, and Nain.
The three last are peculiar sorts, not generally
cultivated, nor does the merit of their fruit deserve
that they should be ; and the first is only cultivated
for its precocity. The Madeleine de Courson is
bright red aext the sun, and mottled with small dots
towards the shaded side, not marbled with blotches
like the Noblesse, and its flesh is red at the stone.
The P£che de Malte, as the French likewise admit,
has an affinity to the Madeleine Blanche or Mon-
tagne Blanche, and to these the Noblesse is nearly
allied, by its colour outwardly, the nature and
colour of its flesh, and in being also white to the
stone ; but it is nevertheless different, being larger.
The Double Montagne has been proved syno-
nymous to the Noblesse. Knoop describes the
Madeleine Blanche, and admits it to be the same
as that called in the Low Countries the Montagne
Blanche. He also describes the Double Montagne,
but speaks of it with more uncertainty. He states
it to be a clingstone ; but this he does of many
others well known to be melters.
In Mayer's Pomona Franconica, vol. ii. p. 234,
the Avant-Peche Blanche of Duhamel, and the
White Nutmeg of Miller, is stated to be called in
Holland " La Montagne ;" but this is contrary to
the statement of Knoop before referred to ; and
after he describes the Madeleine Blanche as " une
grande et belle P£che," he would not mistake the
White Nutmeg for it, when he says, " Je pense
que cette sorte est la m£me qu'on appelle dans ce
pays-ci la Montagne Blanche, a cause que la de-
scription de cette derniere sorte est enticement con-
forme a celle-ci."
It appears, therefore, from the above authorities,
that the Montagne and Madeleine Blanche are the
same. The " Montagne Double" is, without doubt,
a larger variety of the " Montagne Simple ;" as
may reasonably be inferred from the sense in which
double is used in the Netherlands, of which the fol-
lowing examples, among many others, are found in
Knoop's Pomology : —
In Cherries, there is the Griotte Double ou
Grande, and Griotte Simple. Also, Pomme de Pa-
radis Rouge et Double — " C'est une grande Pomme:"
Pomme de Paradis Rouge et Simple — " Cette
Pomme ne differe de la pr6ce*dente qu'en ce qu'elle
est plus petite, mais c'est toujours la m£me sorte."
Plums — Mirabelle Vert Double, and Mirabelle
Vert Simple, ou Petit Damas, &c.
According to the French authors, there are many
sorts of Peaches, the stones of which reproduce
nearly similar varieties. In Noisette's Manuel
Complet du Jardinier, p. 477, it is stated that all
the trees of the Madeleines (which are very much of
the nature of the Noblesse) give the same sort from
the stone, or varieties which differ little. It is also
remarked, that the seedlings of the Peach-tree give,
generally, very good fruits, especially if from the
Madeleine, Grosse Mignonne, or Admirable.
From all this, I think we are justified in con-
cluding, that if the Noblesse Peach is in cultiva-
tion in France, it must be included among their
Madeleine Blanche Peaches.
To the Noblesse are closely allied Ford's Seed-
ling, Sulhamstead, Cambray, Montauban, Van-
guard.
The Noblesse of the Americans appears, from
Coxe's account of it, to be very different from ours.
iT&fy f^f^,' •
96
THE WHITE ASTRACAN APPLE.
White Astracan. Hort. Soc. Fruit Cat. no. 23,
Transparent de Moscovie . . 7
^ , „,, , J- of foreign Gardens.
Glace de Zelande . ..} •
Pyrus Astracanica. Dumont Courset, Bot. Cult. ed. 2. vol. v.
p. 426. Decand. Prodr. vol. iL p. 635.
The waxy secretion called bloom, which has
been wisely provided by nature for protecting the
delicate cuticle of many succulent fruits, such as
Plums, Grapes, and others, is scarcely found in the
Apple and Pear, or at least only in very minute
quantity. In Apples, however, there are a few ex-
ceptions to this ; and, what is extremely remarkable,
almost exclusively among varieties cultivated in
Russia. For instance, the Apple called by Mr.
Kirke the Duchess of Oldenburg, which is known
to be of Russian origin ; the Emperor Alexander ;
and the subject of this article, with some others,
are covered with a coating of bloom as copious and
delicate as that of the most beautiful Plum.
Independently of this, the White Astracan
Apple possesses the singular property of becoming
transparent when ripe, a circumstance which is well
known to occur in a variety of Crab, but which is
very rare among Apples. It is on all these accounts,
we presume, that the foreign writers whom we have
above cited have been induced to consider this a
distinct species of Pyrus, in which they are un-
questionably wrong.
The White Astracan is a hardy tree, and a good
bearer; but quite a Summer Apple, ripening in
August, and keeping only a few days. When
newly gathered it is delicious.
It has been introduced from Russia, where it
is cultivated ; it is even said to grow wild about
Astracan, — a statement which requires confirma-
tion. It was first brought into notice by Mr. At-
kinson.
FLOWERS middle-sized, white, dashed with pink,
opening early.
WOOD clear reddish chestnut colour, strong,
with very little down.
LEAVES expanding very early, ovate, taper-
pointed, and bluntly serrated, beneath slightly
pubescent. STIPULES small, linear-lanceolate.
FRUIT middle-sized, roundish, angular at the
sides, and ribbed at the apex. EYE depressed in
a small cavity. STALK thick, and very short.
SKIN smooth, greenish white, with a few faint
streaks on the sunny side. FLESH snow-white,
tender, juicy, crisp, very pleasant and delicate.
INDEX
TO
THE SECOND VOLUME.
The names in Roman letters are those adopted in this Work ; the names in
Italics are synonyms, or only referred to.
APPLES.
Aurore 69
Barcelona Pearmain 85
Beachamwell Seedling ... 82
Bell's Scarlet 62
Canadian Reinette 77
Capendu 66
Christ's Golden Reinette 84
Copmanthorpe Crab ib.
Cornish Aromatic 58
Courtpendu 66
Courtpendu Flat ib.
Dainty .' 53
Devonshire Quarenden 94
Dutch Mignonne 84
English Pippin 69
Fearn's Pippin 67
Forman's Crew 89
Glace Rouge 85
Glace de Zelande 96
Golden Reinette 69
Grune Reinette 86
Hoary Morning 53
Hunt's Nonpareil 85
Janurea 77
Kleiner Casseler Reinette ,... 85
Knight's Codlin 80
Longville's Kernel 63
Lovederfs Pippin 86
Martin Nonpareil 79
Motteux's Seedling 82
Nonpareil 86
Nonpareil d'Angleterre ib.
Old Nonpareil ib.
Portugal 77
Prager 81
Pyrus Astracanica 96
Red Quarenden 94
Reinette de Canada 77
de Canada Blanche ib.
.. Grosse de Canada ib.
de Canada a Cotes ib.
de Caen ib.
r- Dorte 84
. .- Rouge *•. 85
Rousse ib.
Reinette des Carmes 85
• Nonpareil 86
Ross Nonpareil 90
Sack 94
Sam's Crab 63
Scarlet Pearmain 62
Scarlet Nonpareil 87
Speckled Golden Reinette 85
Summer Golden Pippin 50
Sykehouse Russet 81
Transparent de Moscovie 96
White Astracan ib.
Wormsley Pippin 80
Wyker Pippin 69
Yellow German Reinette . . ib.
CHERRIES.
Elton , 92
Knight's Early Black 93
GRAPES.
Black Cluster 56
Farineux Noir ib.
FromentK ib.
Maurillon-Taconn6 ib.
Meunier ib.
Miller's Burgundy ib.
Noirin ib.
Resseau ib.
Savagnien Noir ib.
NECTARINES.
Common Elruge 49
Early Violet 68
Elruge 49
Large Scarlet 68
Lord Selsey's Elruge ib.
Petite Violette H&tive ib.
Violet ib.
Violette Hative ib.
INDEX.
NUTS.
Cosford 55
Frizzled Filbert 70
PEACHES.
Sourdine 73
Cambray. 95
Chancellor 61
Double Montague 95
Ford's Seedling ib.
La Royale 73
Late Admirable ib.
Madeleine Blanche 95
Mellish's Favourite ; . . . ib.
Montauban '.... ib.
Noblesse ib.
Noblest.... ib.
President , 54
Royal 73
Sulhamstead 95
Tetonde V6nus 73
Vanguard 95
PEARS.
Bergamotte de la Pentecote 78
Beurre Epine 88
Bern-re Ranee ib.
Beurre d'Aremberg 83
Beurr£ Blanc 60
Beurre-colmar Gris 64
Beurre de Capiaumont 59
Beurr£ d* Hiver de Bruxelles 78
Bezy Chaumontel ib.
Bonne Ente 60
Capiaumont 59
Carlisle : 60
Chapman* s 64
Citron des Carmes 51
Citron de Septembre 60
Colmar Epineux 64
Dagobert 65
Die weisse herbst butterbirne 60
Doyennt Blanc ib.
Doyenne Gris 74
Doyennt <f Automne ib.
Doyennt Roux ib.
Doyen nt d' Hiver 78
Dutcliess of Angouleme 7^
Due d'Aremberg 83
Easter Beurree 78
Fondante de Panisel 64
Gray Doyenne 74
Gile-6-gile 65
Gilogil ib.
Gros Gobet ib.
Hardenpont de Printems 88
Kaiserbirne 60
Madeleine 51
Medaille : 75
Napoleon ib.
New York Red-cheek 72
Passe-colmar 64
Epineux ib.
Gm, dit Precel ib.
Poire a courte Queue 60
Poire de Neige ib.
Poire Monsieur ib.
Poire de Limon ib.
Poire de Seigneur ib.
Princess of Orange 71
Red-cheeked Seckle 72
Red Doyenne 74
St. Michel 60
Seckle 72
Sycle ib.
Valencia 60
White Doyenne ib.
PLUMS.
Bury Seedling 57
Coe's ib.
Coe's Golden Drop ib.
Coe's Imperial -. ib.
Golden Drop ib.
New Golden Drop ib.
STRAWBERRIES.
Downton 52
Keen's Seedling 91
New Pine ib.
Black Pine ib.
Murphy's Child ib.
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